Essay name: Buddhist iconography in and outside India (Study)
Author:
Purabi Gangopadhyay
Affiliation: University of Calcutta / Department of Ancient Indian History and Culture
This work aims to systematically present the development and expansion of Mahayana-Vajrayana Buddhist iconography from India to other countries, such as China, Korea, and Japan. This study includes a historical account of Indian Buddhist iconography and the integration of Brahmanical gods into the Mahayana-Vajrayana phase.
Chapter 1: Introduction (History of Indian Culture)
15 (of 18)
External source: Shodhganga (Repository of Indian theses)
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Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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represented in sculptures and paintings in Japan. The note-
worthy religious leaders of China are: IchigyÅ, Keika, Eshi,
Chigi, Kanjo, Jannen, Kichizo, Genzo, Kiki, Hozo, Ganjin,
â�
Donran, Eka, Eno, Futaishi and others. Thus a rich heritage
of the art of portraiture also can be found in Japan.
We also find that many among those icons that origi-
nated in India, are either forgotten in India or are worshipped
on rare occasions. To elaborate further, we may cite Indra
as one of the examples of those deities who were included in
Buddhist Pantheon in India itself and subsequently found their
way to Japan along with Buddhist religion. The worship of
Indra (Taishaku-ten in Japanese) is rarely done in India. But
in Japan the worship of this deity is wide spread as is evident
from a fair number of his figures which are placed beside the
images of the Buddha ÅÄkyamuni on the dais in the temples.
Similarly, BrahmÄ (Bon-ten) who is by no means popular in India
noÌw-a-days, receives homage from a large number of Japanese
Buddhist. Among the Brahmanical gods and goddesses who are
revered greatly in Japan, are, besides Indra and BrahmÄ (Tais-
shaku-ten and Bon-ten), Agni (Ka-ten), Yama (Emma-ten) VÀyu
(Hu-ten), Varuá¹a (Sui-ten), MaheÅvara (Makeishura-ten), IÅÄna
(Isana-ten), Pá¹thivi (Ji-ten), Surya (Nit-ten), Candra (Gate
ten), Viá¹£á¹u-NÄrÄyaá¹a (Naraen-ten), Gaá¹eÅa (Sho-ten), KumÄr-
KÀrttikeya (Kumara-ten or Ida-ten), Sarasvatī (Benzai-ten)
and Laká¹£mi (KichijÅ-ten). In India Varuá¹a, VÄyu, Agni,
Pá¹thivi, Súrya and Candra are not as popular as they are in
Japan. Although images of these deities in different forms
