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INTRODUCTION The sixth century B.C. may be regarded as an important landmark in the history of Indian Culture. This century witnessed the emergence of some new thoughts, ideas and philo- sophies leading to the establishment of religious groups, among which Buddhism and Jainism were the most noteworthy. In the context of the contemporary Vedic Brahmanical religion, they were basically heterodox in character although they imbided some elements of the former religion. 1 Gautama Buddha, the great preacher, established his
faith on a strong base at a time when the Vedic religion had
been in a dominating position all over India. Although Gautama
Buddha's religious ideas were a kind of revolt against the
Vedic religion of the period but it did not take a long time
for the elites as well as the common men to come under the
spell of the new religion called Buddhism.
The fundamental principle of Buddha's teaching are
represented by four 'Noble Truths' (aryasatya-s), which are
as follows : (1) the world is full of sufferings (dukkha),
(ii) thirst, desire and attachment are causes of world's
existence (dukkha samudaya), (iii) these can be stopped by
the obstruction of thirst, desire (dukkhanirodha) etc. and
(iv) in order to do this one must know the right way
(a峁ａ弓膩峁僸ikam膩gga, Majjhimapatipada). Buddha also laid great
emphasis on the theory of dependent origination (Paticca-
samuppada) and he held that one who comprehended this theory