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1. 'There are five kinds of 厂补峁僩丑补蝉: the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consisting of four persons, the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consisting of five persons . . . . of ten persons . . . . of twenty persons . . . . of more than twenty persons.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consist of four persons, and acts lawfully, and is complete, it is entitled to perform all official acts except three acts, that is, the 耻辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination, 辫补惫腻谤补峁嚹�, and 补产产丑腻苍补^[1].

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consist of five persons, and acts lawfully, and is complete, it is entitled to perform all official acts except two acts, that is, the 耻辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination in the central countries^[2] and 补产产丑腻苍补.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consist of ten persons, and acts lawfully, and is complete, it is entitled to perform all official acts except one, namely, 补产产丑腻苍补.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consist of twenty persons, and acts lawfully, and is complete, it is entitled to perform all official acts.

'In case, O Bhikkhus, the Bhikkhu 厂补峁僩丑补 consist of more than twenty persons, and acts lawfully, and is complete, it is entitled to perform all official acts.

2. 'An official act, O Bhikkhus, which requires the presence of four persons, if performed by a congregation in which a 叠丑颈办办丑耻苍墨 is the fourth, is no real act, and ought not to be performed. An official act, O Bhikkhus, which requires the presence of four persons, if performed by a congregation in which a sikkham膩n膩 is the fourth, . . . . in which a 蝉腻尘补峁噀谤补, &c.^[3], is the fourth, . . . . in which a person belonging to another communion is the fourth, . . . . in which a person staying within a different boundary^[4] is the fourth, . . . . in which a person poised in the air by supernatural power is the fourth, . . . . in which a person against whom the 厂补峁僩丑补 institutes a proceeding is the fourth鈥攊s no real act and ought not to be performed.'

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End of the regulations about acts performed by four persons.

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3-5. 'An official act, O Bhikkhus, which requires the presence of five (. . . . ten, . . . . twenty) persons, if performed by a congregation in which a 叠丑颈办办丑耻苍墨, &c.^[5], is the fifth ( . . . . tenth, . . . . twentieth), is no real act and ought not to be performed.'

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End of the regulations about acts performed by five, (ten, twenty) persons.

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6. 'If, O Bhikkhus, a congregation in which a person sentenced to the 辫补谤颈惫腻蝉补 discipline^[6] is the fourth, institutes the proceedings of 辫补谤颈惫腻蝉补, of m奴l膩ya pa峁璱kassan膩, and of 尘腻苍补迟迟补, or if a congregation in which such a person is the twentieth, confers 补产产丑腻苍补, this is no real act and ought not to be performed.

'If, O Bhikkhus, a congregation in which a person that ought to be sentenced to m奴l膩ya pa峁璱kassan膩 . . . . that ought to be sentenced to 尘腻苍补迟迟补 . . . . that is subject to the 尘腻苍补迟迟补 discipline . . . . on whom the 补产产丑腻苍补 sentence ought to be conferred^[7], institutes the proceedings of 辫补谤颈惫腻蝉补, of m奴l膩ya pa峁璱kassan膩, and of 尘腻苍补迟迟补, or if a congregation in which such a person is the twentieth, confers 补产产丑腻苍补, this is no real act and ought not to be performed.

7. 'Of some persons, O Bhikkhus, the protest^[8] raised in the assembly is effectual, of some persons it is ineffectual.

'And which are the persons, O Bhikkhus, whose protest raised in the assembly is ineffectual?

'The protest, O Bhikkhus, raised in the assembly by a 叠丑颈办办丑耻苍墨 is ineffectual. The protest, O Bhikkhus, raised in the assembly by a sikkham膩n膩 (&c.^[9], down to:) by a person against whom the 厂补峁僩丑补 institutes a proceeding, is ineffectual. These are the persons, O Bhikkhus, whose protest raised in the assembly is ineffectual.

8. 'And which are the persons, O Bhikkhus, whose protest raised in the assembly is effectual?

'The protest, O Bhikkhus, of a Bhikkhu who is healthy (in mind), who belongs to the same communion^[10], who stays within the same boundary^[11], even if he have committed a sin which brings about immediate punishment in hell,鈥攊f he give notice of his protest at the meeting,鈥攊s effectual. This is the person, O Bhikkhus, whose protest raised in the assembly is effectual.

9. 'There are, O Bhikkhus, two cases of expulsion^[12] (pronounced against, a person). If expulsion, O Bhikkhus, had not been pronounced (before) against a person, and the 厂补峁僩丑补 pronounces expulsion against him, there are some against whom such expulsion has been pronounced duly, and others against whom it has been pronounced unduly.

'And which is a person, O Bhikkhus, against whom, if expulsion had not been pronounced before, and the 厂补峁僩丑补 pronounces expulsion against him, expulsion has been pronounced unduly? In case, O Bhikkhus, there be a pure, guiltless Bhikkhu,鈥攊f the 厂补峁僩丑补 pronounces expulsion against him, expulsion has been pronounced unduly. This, O Bhikkhus, is called a person against whom, if expulsion had not been pronounced before, and the 厂补峁僩丑补 pronounces expulsion against him, expulsion has been pronounced unduly.

'And which is a person, O Bhikkhus, against whom, &c., expulsion has been pronounced duly? In case, O Bhikkhus, there be an ignorant, unlearned Bhikkhu, a constant offender, who is unable to discern what is an offence^[13], who lives in lay society, unduly associating himself with lay people,鈥攊f the 厂补峁僩丑补 pronounces expulsion against him, expulsion has been pronounced duly. This, O Bhikkhus, is called a person, &c.

10. 'There are, O Bhikkhus, two cases of restoration (of an expelled Bhikkhu). If restoration, O Bhikkhus, had not been granted before to a person, and the 厂补峁僩丑补 grants restoration to him, there are some to whom such restoration will have been granted duly, and others to whom it will have been unduly granted.

'And which is a person, O Bhikkhus, to whom, &c., restoration has been granted unduly? A eunuch, O Bhikkhus, to whom restoration had not been granted before, and whom the 厂补峁僩丑补 restores, has been restored unduly. A person who has furtively attached himself (to the 厂补峁僩丑补), &c.^[14], to whom restoration had not been granted before, and whom the 厂补峁僩丑补 restores, has been restored unduly.

'This, O Bhikkhus, is called a person to whom, &c., restoration has been granted unduly. These, O Bhikkhus, are called persons to whom, &c., restoration has been granted duly.

11. 'And which is a person, O Bhikkhus, to whom, &c., restoration has been granted duly?' &c.^[15]

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End of the first 叠丑腻峁嘺惫腻谤补, called the V膩sabha-驳腻尘补 叠丑腻峁嘺惫腻谤补.

Footnotes and references:

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[1]:

See Cullavagga III, 2 seq.

[2]:

As regards the exceptional regulations referring to the 耻辫补蝉补尘辫补诲腻 ordination in the bordering countries, see above, V, 13, 12.

[3]:

Here follows the very frequent enumeration given, for instance, at II, 36, §§ 1-4.

[4]:

Generally speaking, the two categories of 'persons belonging to another communion,' and 'persons staying within another boundary,' can be considered as coincident. In certain cases, however, they could be distinguished; see X, 1, §§ 9, 10.

[5]:

Here the enumeration of § 2 is repeated.

[6]:

See about 辫补谤颈惫腻蝉补, and the other 厂补峁僩丑补kammas referred to in this paragraph, the details given in the second book of the Cullavagga.

[7]:

But has not yet been conferred. An abbhita Bhikkhu is considered as fully rehabilitated.

[8]:

Against official acts which the 厂补峁僩丑补 is performing.

[9]:

This list of persons who cannot protest against official acts of the 厂补峁僩丑补 differs from that given in § 2 or at II, 36, §§ 1-4, only by three categories being here added after 'a person guilty of an extreme offence' (antimavatthu峁� ajjh膩pannaka). These categories are the following: 'a madman,' 'a person whose mind is unhinged,' 'a person who suffers (bodily) pain.' See II, 22, 3, &c,

[10]:

That is, the 厂补峁僩丑补 which is going to perform the act in question.

[11]:

See the note at § 2.

[12]:

Compare the rules regarding the pabb膩janiyakamma, Cullavagga I, 13 seq., and our note at I, 79, 1.

[13]:

Anapad膩na. Buddhaghosa: 'Anapad膩no 鈥檛i apa峁�膩na-(read apad膩na-) virahito. apad膩na峁� vuccati paricchedo. 膩patti-pariccheda-virahito 鈥檛i attho.' Probably the word must not be derived from the root d膩, 'to give,' but from d膩, 'to cut.'

[14]:

See the list of persons given at II, 36, 3.

[15]:

The formality and the repetitions are the same here as in § 20, and need not be repeated. The list of persons whose restoration is stated to be valid is the same as at I, 71, 1.